Gophers, Moles, and Voles: How to Identify and Manage Burrowing Pests

Gophers, moles, and voles can create significant challenges for homeowners and gardeners, but recognizing the differences in their burrowing habits and diets is essential for effective management. Each of these small mammals has distinct behaviors and burrow characteristics that can help you identify which pest is causing damage and how to address it.

Identifying Burrows

• Gophers: Gopher mounds are typically fan-shaped and feature a dirt plug covering the entrance. These creatures create deep, complex burrow systems as they feed on vegetation, including roots and tubers.
• Moles: Mole hills are rounder and do not have a visible plug. Moles prefer moist soils and feed on insects, worms, and other small invertebrates, making them beneficial in some cases. However, their mounds can still disrupt lawns if left unaddressed.
• Voles: Unlike gophers and moles, voles create shallow surface trails rather than deep burrows. These trails are visible in grass, where voles feed on vegetation.

Behavior and Diet

• Gophers and Voles: Both of these animals are vegetarians, causing damage by eating plant roots and stems. Gophers are known for their extensive burrowing systems, while voles are surface feeders, leaving visible pathways through the grass.
• Moles: Moles primarily feed on insects and worms and are generally seen as beneficial for soil aeration. They tend to be solitary and active year-round, using their powerful front feet to dig extensive tunnels.

Managing Burrowers

While gopher and vole damage can result in dead plants and compromised gardens, mole activity is often more tolerable, especially if molehills are cleaned up before the grass underneath dies. Interestingly, these creatures can sometimes use each other’s burrows, complicating efforts to control infestations.